Characteristics of anterior segment structure in first-degree relatives of patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the characteristics of anterior segment structure in first-degree relatives of patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG).METHODS: A total of 48 first-degree relatives of PACG patients aged 40-60 who were treated in the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University from September 2020 to October 2022 were selected as the observation group. Additionally, 40 cases(40 eyes)of healthy individuals without glaucoma and family history of glaucoma at the same age group were collected as the control group. They were divided into younger group(40-49 years old)and elder group(50-60 years old). All subjects were examined with ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)and were measured using camera measure software. The parameters mainly included anterior chamber depth(ACD), anterior chamber area(ACA), anterior chamber width(ACW), anterior segment depth(ASD), angle open distance(AOD500), trabecular iris angle(TIA), trabecular iris area(TISA500), lens vault(LV), iris curve(IC), iris thickness(IT500), scleral ciliary process angle(SCPA), and iris ciliary process distance(ICPD).RESULTS: ACD, ACA, AOD500, TISA500 and TIA in the observation group were lower than those of the control group, and LV and IC were higher than those of the control group(all P<0.05). ACD, ACA, AOD500, TISA500, and TIA of the elder group were lower than those in the age-matched control group, while LV and IC were larger than those of the age-matched control group(all P<0.05). ACD, AOD500, TISA500, and TIA of the younger observation group were smaller than those of the age-matched control group, but LV and IC were significantly larger than those of the age-matched control group(all P<0.05). ACD, ACA, AOD500, TISA500 and TIA of the elder observation group were significantly lower than those of the younger observation group, and LV and IC were significantly larger than those of the younger observation group(all P<0.05). There was a difference in the distribution of ACD between the observation group and the control group(P<0.05), and the proportion of moderate to severe shallow anterior chambers was 10 times that of the control group. Correlation analysis showed that TISA500 was positively correlated with ACD and ACA, and negatively correlated with LV and IC, and TISA500 was mainly influenced by LV. IC had a positive correlation with LV and a negative correlation with ACD and ACA.CONCLUSION: First-degree relatives of PACG with normal axial length have a high risk of angle closure. The anterior segment structures of first-degree relatives of PACG are more crowded than normal individuals, and the lens forward shift may be the initial influencing factor for narrow angle.

¿Es diferente la conectividad estructural en niños y adolescentes familiares de pacientes con trastorno bipolar? Una revisión narrativa según estudios con DTI

Introducción: El trastorno afectivo bipolar (TAB) se ha asociado con una disminución de la integridad de la sustancia blanca. Los estudios con imágenes con tensor de difusión (DTI) han permitido elucidar con una mayor calidad estos cambios. Debido a la gran heredabilidad del TAB, se han realizado estudios en familiares de pacientes con TAB acerca de la integridad de la sustancia blanca, y se ha encontrado que la conectividad estructural también puede estar afectada. Dicha alteración se ha propuesto como un potencial biomarcador de vulnerabilidad a este trastorno. Sin embargo, los estudios en niños y adolescentes son pocos. Objetivo: Revisar la literatura sobre los cambios en la integridad de la sustancia blanca determinados mediante DTI en niños y adolescentes con alto riesgo. Resultados: Se describe la conectividad estructural cerebral en la población pediátrica en estudios que utilizaron DTI. Se describen los cambios en el proceso de mielinización desde su evolución dentro del neurodesarrollo normal hasta los hallazgos en la anisotropía fraccional (AF) en pacientes con TAB y los familiares en alto riesgo. Conclusiones: Los estudios demuestran que tanto pacientes con TAB como sus familiares en riesgo presentan disminución de la AF en regiones cerebrales específicas. Los estudios en niños y adolescentes con riesgo familiar de TAB señalan una AF reducida en tractos axonales implicados en funciones emocionales y cognitivas. La disminución de la AF puede considerarse como un biomarcador de vulnerabilidad al TAB.

Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with a decrease in white matter integrity. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have enabled these changes to be elucidated with higher quality. Due to BD's high heritability, some studies have been conducted in relatives of BD patients looking at white matter integrity, and have found that structural connectivity may also be affected. This alteration has been proposed as a potential BD biomarker of vulnerability. However, there are few studies in children and adolescents. Objective: To conduct a review of the literature on changes in white matter integrity determined by DTI in high-risk children and adolescents. Results: Brain structural connectivity in the paediatric population is described in studies using DTI. Changes in the myelination process from its evolution within normal neurodevelopment to the findings in fractional anisotropy (FA) in BD patients and their high-risk relatives are also described. Conclusions: Studies show that both BD patients and their at-risk relatives present a decrease in FA in specific brain regions. Studies in children and adolescents with a high risk of BD, indicate a reduced FA in axonal tracts involved in emotional and cognitive functions. Decreased FA can be considered as a vulnerability biomarker for BD.

STUDY OF DEPRESSION, ANXIETY & STRESS AMONG FAMILY MEMBERS OF HOSPITALIZED COVID-19 PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF CENTRAL GUJARAT

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has caused mental health issues along with physical, social, and economic issues in both patients and their relatives.COVID-19-positive patients were hospitalized in isolation with no or limited access to relatives. These conditions may have contributed to signi?cant psychological distress in relatives and this study was designed to assess the same. To ?nd the prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Objectives: among Relatives of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A cross-sectional quantitative tertiary care hospital-based Methods: study was conducted after approval from Institutional Human Ethics Committee. Relatives of hospitalized COVID-19 patients were assessed by purposive sampling method using Semi-Structured Performa including socio-demographic details, illness- related details, and DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale-21) via a telephonic mode of interview. A total of Results: 200 relatives of COVID-19 positive turned negative patients were interviewed on the ?rst day of the COVID 19 negative report. Majority of participants were male,mean age 41 years,literate,married & having ?rst degree relation with the patient. The prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress was 12%. On individual parameters, Depression, Anxiety and Stress was found 25%,21%,and 20% respectively. Female relatives were signi?cantly associated with depression (?2= 8.689,P=.003) & anxiety(?2= 5.790,P=.016) where as longer hospitalization was signi?cantly associated with anxiety(?2= 10.216,P=.006) and stress(?2= 8.936,P=.011). Relatives of COVID-19 patients had a signi?cant amount of psychological stress. Conclusions: Female gender of relatives and longer duration of hospitalization of patients were important predictors.

Attitudes and influencing factors of transplantation-related populations towards kidney xenotransplantation / 器官移植

Objective To investigate the attitudes and influencing factors of transplantation-related populations towards kidney xenotransplantation. Methods From June 2022 to January 2023, stratified random sampling was performed from patients awaiting kidney transplantation, patients after kidney transplantation, patients' relatives and medical students. Four hundred subjects were collected from each population and 1600 subjects were investigated using a self-designed questionnaire. Baseline data of the respondents, their attitudes towards kidney xenotransplantation and the reasons of rejecting kidney xenotransplantation were analyzed. The influencing factors of attitudes towards kidney xenotransplantation were also identified. Results A total of 1 493 valid questionnaires were collected, and the questionnaire retrieval rate was 93.31%. About 93.10% of the respondents accepted allogeneic kidney transplantation, and 66.78% had heard of kidney xenotransplantation. Seven hundred and ninety-five respondents suggested that they could accept kidney xenotransplantation "when kidney xenotransplantation and allogeneic kidney transplantation yielded the same results and risks". Six hundred and ninety-eight respondents indicated that they were "unable" or "uncertain" whether they could accept kidney xenotransplantation (χ2=16.409，P=0.001). Among these 698 respondents, the proportion of them who were willing to accept kidney xenotransplantation when they did not meet the conditions of allogeneic kidney transplantation was 10.9%. About 35.8% of respondents were willing to accept kidney xenotransplantation if it yielded less risk and better prognosis compared with allogeneic kidney transplantation. If the time of awaiting kidney xenotransplantation was shorter than that of allogeneic kidney transplantation, 21.2% were willing to accept kidney xenotransplantation. If the cost of kidney xenotransplantation was less than that of allogeneic kidney transplantation, 24.5% of them were willing to accept kidney xenotransplantation. The main reasons of rejecting kidney xenotransplantation included surgical risk and other unknown risks. Multivariate analysis showed that respondents residing in cities and towns for a long period of time, those who accept allogeneic kidney transplantation and those who have heard of kidney xenotransplantation showed more positive attitudes towards kidney xenotransplantation. Conclusions Different transplantation-related populations have different attitudes towards kidney xenotransplantation, and the overall attitudes are positive. Active promotion of kidney xenotransplantation research and carrying out relevant popular science education contribute to improving public attitudes towards the acceptance of kidney xenotransplantation.

Rupturas vivenciadas por familiares cuidadores de pessoas com transtornos mentais: prevalência e características relacionadas / Rupturas vividas por familiares cuidadores de personas con trastornos mentales: prevalencia y características relacionadas / Disruptions experienced by family caregivers of people with mental disorders: prevalence and related characteristics

Objective: to identify the prevalence and characteristics of family caregivers of people with mental disorders who, based on their care history, experienced disruptions related to work, study, leisure, and interpersonal relationships. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 537 family members of users of Psychosocial Care Centers in the 21st Health Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Results: among the disruptions studied, the most prevalent related to leisure (38.7%), home visits by friends or family (34.3%) and work (33.9%). For disruptions in studies and romantic relationships, prevalence corresponded to 9.9% and 8.6% respectively. Among the characteristics related to these disruptions, there were lower education levels, lower income, and a greater degree of dependence of the assisted user. Conclusion: through this study, it was possible to deepen the investigations about some repercussions in the lives of family members of people with mental disorders.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar a prevalência e as características de familiares de pessoas com transtornos mentais que, a partir da experiência do cuidado, vivenciaram rupturas relacionadas ao trabalho, estudo, lazer e relacionamentos interpessoais. Método: estudo transvers al com 537 familiares de usuários de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial da 21ª Região de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Resultados: entre as rupturas estudadas, as mais prevalentes foram relacionadas ao lazer (38,7%), frequência da casa de amigos ou fa miliares (34,3%) e trabalho (33,9%). Para as rupturas de estudos e relacionamentos amorosos, as prevalências corresponderam à 9,9% e 8,6% respectivamente. Entre as características relacionadas a essas rupturas, estiveram menor escolaridade, menor renda e maior grau de dependência do usuário assistido. Conclusão: por meio deste estudo, foi possível aprofundar as investigações sobre algumas repercussões na vida dos familiares de pessoas com transtorno mental.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia y las características de familiares de personas con trastornos mentales que, a partir de su papel como cuidadores, vivenciaron rupturas en el trabajo, estudio, actividades de ocio y relaciones interpersonales. Método: se realizó un estudio transversal con 537 familiares de usuarios de los Centros de Atención Psicosocial de la Región 21 de Salud del Estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Resultados: entre las rupturas estudiadas, las más frecuentes se relacionaron con actividades de ocio (38.7%), visitas a casa de amigos o familiares (34.3%) y trabajo (33.9%). La prevalencia de rupturas con estudios y relaciones amorosas fue 9.9% y 8.6% respectivamente. Entre las características relacionadas con esas rupturas están bajo nivel educativo, bajos ingresos económicos y mayor grado de dependencia del usuario asistido. Conclusión: a partir de este estudio se logró profundizar las investigaciones sobre algunas repercusiones en la vida de familiares de personas con trastornos mentales.(AU)

Structural network changes in first-degree relatives of depressed patients and their correlation with the onset of depression / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To explore the structural brain network changes in healthy first-degree relatives of depressed patients and their relationship with depressive episodes.Methods:Prospectively, 200 healthy first-degree relatives of depressed patients admitted to Jiangsu University Hospital from May 2017 to June 2018 were collected. Meanwhile, 50 matched healthy controls without family history of depression (HC/FH-) were collected by questionnaire in the nearby community as study subjects. All study subjects underwent systemic magnetic resonance imaging scans and assessment of relevant scales after enrollment, followed by longitudinal follow-up (every 3 months) for up to 3 years. The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition, structured interview was used to assess whether the subjects became depressed during the follow-up period. First-degree relatives who experienced depression during follow-up were included in the group of first-degree relatives who experienced depression (DD/FH+), whereas first-degree relatives who did not experience depression were included in the group of first-degree relatives who did not experience depression (HC/FH+). Subjects′ depression severity and whether they experienced major stressful life events were assessed by the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Holmes and Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale, respectively. Correlations between subjects′ brain structural networks and HDRS scores were explored based on Pearson correlation analysis. Logistic regression models were constructed to investigate the predictive efficacy of brain structural network attributes on depression.Results:Significant group differences existed in the HC/FH- group (50 cases), HC/FH+ group (115 cases), and DD/FH+ group (21 cases) in feeder connectivity (17.62±1.34, 17.03±1.39, 15.82±1.12, F=13.63, P<0.001), global efficiency (0.24±0.03, 0.23±0.03, 0.22±0.03, F=4.73, P=0.010), right insula node efficiency (0.20±0.02, 0.21±0.01, 0.20±0.01, F=4.62, P=0.011), left hippocampal node efficiency (0.27±0.01, 0.27±0.01, 0.24±0.02, F=18.56, P<0.001), and left amygdala node efficiency (0.24±0.02, 0.24±0.02, 0.23±0.01, F=3.40, P=0.036). Logistic regression models showed feeder connectivity ( OR=0.55, 95% CI 0.38-0.78, P=0.001) and left hippocampal nodal efficiency ( OR=0.58, 95% CI 0.40-0.81, P<0.001) predicted the occurrence of final depression and had good predictive efficacy with an area under the curve of 0.75, 0.78, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that feeder connectivity ( r=-0.58, P=0.006) and left hippocampal node efficiency ( r=-0.60, P=0.004) at baseline in the DD/FH+ group correlated with their HDRS scores at the first follow-up. Conclusion:Among healthy first-degree relatives of depressed patients, those who exhibit decreased feeder connectivity and left hippocampal nodal efficiency are susceptible to developing this disease.

Characteristics of auditory steady-state response in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients under eye-open/closed state / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of eye-open/closed state on 40 Hz auditory steady state response (ASSR) in first-degree relatives of schizophrenia.Methods:Thirty-eight first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients treated in Shanghai Mental Health Center from March 2010 to October 2011 were selected, and 31 healthy controls were recruited in the same period. All subjects were assessed with schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ). The 40 Hz EEG ASSR signals lasting for 3 min under open and closed eyes of all subjects were sequentially collected.Event-related spectrum perturbation (ERSP) and intertribal phase coherence (ITC) were used to evaluate ASSR. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare ITC and ERSP between the two groups under open and closed eyes. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between each measurement.Results:ITC in group main effect and group×the eye open/closed interaction effect were not significant (both P>0.05), but the main effect of eye-open and eye-closed was significant ( F(1, 67)=10.61, P=0.002). In the healthy control group, the ITC in eye-open state was significantly higher than that in eye-closed state ( P=0.014), and in the first-degree relatives group, the ITC in eye-open state was higher than that in eyes closed state ( P=0.039). ERSP in the main effect of eye-open and eye-closed ( F(1, 67)=0.195, P=0.660), group main effect ( F(1, 67) =0.627, P=0.431), group × the eye-open/closed interaction effect ( F(1, 67)= 1.034, P=0.313) was not significant. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between ERSP (eye open: r=-0.260, P=0.210; eye closed: r=-0.318, P=0.122), ITC (eye open: r=-0.248, P=0.232; eye closed: r=-0.260, P=0.209) and SPQ score in the healthy control group. There was also no correlation between ERSP (eye open: r=-0.387, P=0.226; eye closed: r=-0.363, P=0.238) or ITC (eye open: r=0.126, P=0.485; eye closed: r=0.096, P=0.595) and SPQ score in the first-degree relatives group of schizophrenia. Conclusion:The regulation pattern of 40 Hz ASSR in schizophrenic first-degree relatives is not significantly impaired in the eye-open/closed state, suggesting that the open/closed regulation pattern of 40 Hz ASSR may not be a potential marker for predicting the genetic high-risk prognosis of schizophrenia.

Research of first-degree relatives of keratoconus / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Keratoconus(KC)is a progressive disease characterized by gradual corneal thinning and ectasia, resulting in irregular astigmatism, myopia, and mild to severe visual impairment. Although the pathogenesis of KC is still unclear, twin studies and family-based studies have identified that the occurrence of KC is closely related to genetic factors. First-degree relatives of KC patients including their parents, siblings and offspring are very important for the family aggregation analysis and polygenic analysis of diseases. This review summarized the current situation of clinical and genetic research about first-degree relatives of KC patients, hoping to deepen the understanding of clinical manifestations and genetic characteristics of first-degree relatives of KC, and to provide new ideas for exploring the role of genetic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of KC.

A covid-19 para além da doença: efeitos da pandemia no espaço intensivista neonatal à luz da teoria ambientalista de Nightingale / Covid-19 beyond the disease: effects of the pandemic on the neonatal intensive care in the light of Nightingale's environmental theory

Resumo As rigorosas medidas de segurança adotadas pelos hospitais, em decorrência da pandemia, estenderam-se também às Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatais (UTIN). Este artigo desvela, por meio de observação sistemática, as mudanças organizacionais e estruturais ancoradas na Teoria Ambientalista de Nightingale que ocorreram na UTIN de um hospital público do interior da Bahia. Observou-se a interconexão entre os Ambientes Físico, Psicológico e Social, porém, com comprometimento na comunicação e relação entre família, neonato e equipe, apresentando um viés sensível das consequências restritivas da covid-19. Salienta-se o paradoxo entre zelar pela segurança e o impedimento das práticas informativas e facilitadoras de vínculos que envolvem o trinômio mencionado. Contudo, novas estratégias emergem desse contexto, levando os profissionais a se reinventarem e ousarem na comunicação, por meio de recursos remotos antes não utilizados, destacando as tecnologias digitais.

Abstract The strict safety measures adopted in hospital environments due to the pandemic have also been extended to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). By means of a systematic observation and based on Nightingale's Environmental Theory, this article sought to unveil the organizational and structural changes in the NICU of a public hospital in the countryside of Bahia. Results indicate an interconnection between physical, psychological, and social environments, which were committed to the communication and relationship between family, newborn, and team, thus presenting a sensitive bias of the restrictive consequences of covid-19. These findings highlight the paradox between ensuring security and preventing informational and bond-facilitator practices that involve the aforementioned triad. From this context emerge new communication strategies leading professionals to reinvent themselves, and to dare in communication by remote resources not used before, emphasizing the use of digital technologies.

Enfermedad cardiovascular subclínica en familiares de mujeres con síndrome de ovario poliquístico y su asociación con la resistencia a la insulina / Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Relatives of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and its Association with Insulin Resistance

Introducción: Se ha demostrado que los familiares de mujeres con síndrome de ovario poliquístico tienen mayor frecuencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular, tales como la resistencia a la insulina, la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, la dislipidemia y la hipertensión arterial. Por ende, estas personas presentan un mayor riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad cardiovascular. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de enfermedad cardiovascular subclínica en familiares de primer grado de mujeres con y sin síndrome de ovario poliquístico y su relación con la resistencia a la insulina. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 36 familiares de primer grado de mujeres con el síndrome de ovario poliquístico e igual cantidad en familiares de mujeres sin la enfermedad. Ninguno de los miembros de ambos grupos tenía antecedentes de diabetes mellitus, prediabetes, dislipidemia e hipertensión arterial, ni obesidad. Para llevar a cabo la comparación de los resultados de las pruebas realizadas fueron pareados a razón de 1:1, por edad ± 5 años, parentesco, sexo e índice de masa corporal. Resultados: Con enfermedad cardiovascular subclínica hubo 21 familiares, 15 del grupo de estudio (71,4 por ciento) y del grupo control el 28,6 por ciento, (p < 0,05). De la totalidad de familiares del grupo de estudio, con resistencia a la insulina el 65,0 por ciento presentó enfermedad cardiovascular subclínica. En el grupo control, ninguno de los pacientes con insulinemia en ayunas normal tuvo enfermedad cardiovascular subclínica. Conclusiones: La enfermedad cardiovascular subclínica es más frecuente en los familiares de mujeres con síndrome de ovario poliquístico y la resistencia a la insulina se asocia de forma significativa a este padecimiento en ambos grupos(AU)

Introduction: Relatives of women with polycystic ovary syndrome have been show to present a higher frequency of cardiovascular risk factors, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension. Therefore, these people have a higher risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Objective: To determine the frequency of subclinical cardiovascular disease in first-degree relatives of women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome and its relationship with insulin resistance. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out with 36 first-degree relatives of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and with the same number of relatives of women without the disease. None of the members of both groups had a history of diabetes mellitus, prediabetes, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, or obesity. To carry out the comparison of the results of the tests carried out, they were matched at a 1: 1 ratio, by age ± 5 years, relationship, sex and body mass index. Results: There were 21 relatives with subclinical cardiovascular disease, 71.4 percent of which belonged to the study group, why 28.6 percent belonged to the control group (P < 0.05). Of the total family members of the study group, with insulin resistance, 65.0 percent had subclinical cardiovascular disease. In the control group, with normal fasting insulinemia, none has subclinical cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: Subclinical cardiovascular disease is more frequent in the relatives of women with polycystic ovary syndrome, while insulin resistance is significantly associated with this condition in both groups(AU)

Do you look for information about dementia? Knowledge of cognitive impairment in older people among their relatives / Você procura se informar sobre demência? O conhecimento acerca do comprometimento cognitivo nos familiares de idosos

ABSTRACT. Relatives and caregivers receive little information and have poor knowledge about cognitive impairment and dementia. Objective: This study aimed to identify beliefs about cognitive impairment and aging among people who are in contact with older people with and without cognitive impairment, hypothesizing that the fact of being a close relative influences or modifies these beliefs. Methods: Seventy-eight participants were classified into two groups; group 1: relatives of patients with cognitive impairment or dementia from a behavioral neurology outpatient clinic (n1=48); and group 2: relatives of patients without objective cognitive impairment from different services of a geriatric outpatient clinic (n2=30). All subjects were asked to answer a questionnaire containing single choice and true/false questions about causes and risk factors for dementia. Results: Participants were mainly females and first-degree relatives. No statistical differences were observed for age, schooling, or follow-up time between groups. Participants recognized Alzheimer's disease as the main cause of memory loss in older adults (group 1=34 vs. group 2=15); when asking about sources of information about cognitive impairment, the three more common answers were doctors and health professionals, Internet, and journals/books. Group 1 got higher scores on questions about causes and risk factors for dementia, but no statistical differences were found. Conclusions: Dementia literacy is low even among the people in contact with this syndrome; caring for someone with dementia changes the concepts about memory and aging but only in a small proportion. Educational strategies to deal with misinformation can help to control risk factors and reduce the incidence of dementia.

RESUMO. Parentes e cuidadores de idosos recebem pouca informação e têm pouco conhecimento sobre demência. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar crenças sobre déficit cognitivo e envelhecimento nas pessoas que estão em contato com idosos com e sem comprometimento cognitivo, estimando que ser familiar próximo influencia ou modifica essas crenças. Métodos: Setenta e oito (78) participantes foram classificados em dois grupos. Grupo 1: parentes de idosos com comprometimento cognitivo ou demência em acompanhamento em um ambulatório de neurologia do comportamento (n1=48); grupo 2: parentes de idosos sem déficit cognitivo objetivo em acompanhamento em diferentes consultas dos ambulatórios de geriatria (n2=30). Os participantes responderam a um questionário com perguntas de escolha simples e verdadeiro/falso sobre causas e fatores de risco para demência. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes foi do sexo feminino, principalmente filhos e cônjuges. Não houve diferenças significativas para idade, escolaridade ou tempo de acompanhamento. Os participantes reconheceram a doença de Alzheimer como a causa principal de déficits de memória em idosos (grupo 1=34 versus grupo 2=15). Quando questionadas as principais fontes para se informar sobre déficits cognitivos, as três respostas mais comuns foram Doutores e profissionais de saúde, Internet e Revistas/Livros. Nas questões sobre causas e fatores de risco para demência, o grupo 1 teve mais respostas corretas, porém sem diferenças estatísticas. Conclusões: O grau de conhecimento das pessoas que estão em contato com essa síndrome ainda é baixo. Cuidar de alguém com demência muda as crenças sobre memória e envelhecimento, mas apenas em uma pequena proporção. Estratégias educativas para lidar com a desinformação são necessárias para ajudar no controle de fatores de risco e reduzir a incidência da demência.

Screening and analysis of gastric cancer in large-scale natural population in Wuxi / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To explore the screening scheme of gastric cancer in large-scale natural population in Wuxi.Methods:From December 2016 to December 2019, 105 865 residents of 19 communities (villages) in six streets of Xinwu District, Wuxi were randomly enrolled in this study by random number table. A household epidemiological questionnaire survey was conducted among 50 063 target population subjects (aged 40-69), and then, respondents were divided into four categories, category Ⅰ: HP (-), PG (-); category Ⅱ: HP (+ ), PG (-); category Ⅲ: HP (+ ), PG (+ ); category Ⅳ: HP (-), PG (+ )according to the serological Helicobacter pylori ( HP) antibodies and pepsinogen (PG) test results. People in category Ⅲ and Ⅳ were all selected into group C and group D respectively, then individuals 3 times of group D were randomly selected from category Ⅰ to assign to group A, and individuals 3 times of group C from category Ⅱwere assigned to group B in the same way. Remaining individuals in category Ⅰ and Ⅱ who had first-degree family history of gastric cancer were also included in group A and group B, respectively. Endoscopic and pathological examination were performed on the above enrolled subjects for high grade intraepithelialneoplasia (HGIN), early gastric cancer and gastric cancer. Results:Of the 50 063 target subjects, 31 508 questionnaires were finally collected, with a participation rate of 62.9%. A total of 19 745 people were tested for serology, and the participation rate was 39.4% (19 745/50 063). Serological results showed that there were 11 152 people (56.48%) in category Ⅰ, 8 170 (41.38%) in category Ⅱ, 124 (0.63%) in category Ⅲ, and 299 (1.51%) in category Ⅳ. According to the exclusion criteria and principle of voluntariness, 3 400 individuals were candidates to undergo gastroscopy. Finally, a total of 2 389 people came to the hospital for gastroscopy, 1 263 in group A, 814 in group B, 86 in group C and 226 in group D, with an overall response rate of 70.3% (2 389/3 400), target population participation rate of 4.8% (389/50 063), and the overall population participation rate of 2.3% (2 389/105 865). In the 2 389 cases, there were 32 cases (1.34%) of HGIN and gastric cancer by gastroscopy and biopsy pathology, among which 1 case (3.125%) aged 40-49, 9 (28.125%) aged 50-59, and 22 (68.750%) aged 60-69. Among the 32 cases, 25 cases (78.13%)were pathologically confirmed as having HGIN or early gastric cancer by endoscopic submucosal dissection or surgical operation. By eliminating 810 people (including 3 gastric cancer) without first-degree family history with gastric cancer in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ, and increasing the gastroscopy screening age to 50 years (exluding 214 people aged 40-49, including 1 gastric cancer), the number of people who should undergo gastroscopy could be reduced from 2 389 to 1 365, and 28 cases of HGIN or gastric cancer were still detected, including 22 HGIN or early gastric cancer.Conclusion:Gastroscopy after the screening with epidemiological, serological tests, age and first-degree relative with gastric cancer family history is suitable for gastric cancer screening in Wuxi. Based on Chinese national conditions, a new community gastric cancer screening program is recommended in Wuxi considering cost-effectiveness, which includes those over 50 years old, serological PG (+ ) and first-degree relatives with family history of gastric cancer.

Ultrasound evaluation of the carotid artery elasticity in the first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by RF-data based quantitative analysis on vessel stiffness / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the carotid artery elasticity in the first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:Ninety first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes who received treatment in the Department of Endocrinology of Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from October 2020 to June 2021 were randomly selected and designated as having a positive family history. Depending on the parental history of diabetes they were divided into three groups: 31 cases of family history positive in father (F), 31 cases of family history positive in mother (M) and 28 cases of family history positive in both father and mother (B). Thirty cases with matched age, height and weight without any history of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease in their parents designated as control group were taken for comparison. Real-time intima-media thickness (RIMT) and R-VQS were employed to evaluate common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), distance (Dist), diameter (Diam), hardness coefficient (HC) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). The differences among the groups were compared.Results:①There was no statistical significance in Diam among the four groups ( P>0.05). ②Compared with the control group, the IMT, PWV and HC in subjects with positive family history were increased, while Dist was decreased ( P<0.05). ③Paired comparison of the subjects with positive family history: the IMT, PWV and HC in B group were higher than in F and M group, and Dist was lower than in F and M group ( P<0.05). The PWV and HC in M group were higher than in F group, and Dist was lower than in F group ( P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in IMT between the F and M groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Carotid artery stiffness in the cases with positive family history is significantly higher than the control group. The decrease of carotid elasticity in B group is the most serious, M group takes the second place, while the F group is the least.

Epidemiological investigation and analysis of the family history of cancer in 418 patients with lung cancer / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the prevalence of family cancer history among lung cancer patients. Methods The family cancer history of 418 patients with lung cancer was investigated by a face-to-face survey in Bazhong area according to the " Questionnaire on Family History and Medical History of Population Diseases". Results The positive rates of family history of cancer and lung cancer in the 418 patients with lung cancer were 36.12% (151/418) and 28.47% (119/418), respectively. There was no statistical difference in the positive rates between the two (P>0.05). Among the patients' family members, the number of cancer-positive people was mainly 3 or less. The higher the number, the lower the probability (P<0.05). The positive rates of family history of cancer and lung cancer in first-degree relatives were significantly higher than those of second-degree and third-degree relatives (P<0.05). Conclusion Targeted health education for cancer patients and their families, especially health education for first-degree relatives, may help improve the early diagnosis of lung cancer patients.

Recruitment of apheresis platelet donors from the relatives and friends of hospital patients: the demographic analysis / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To study the recruitment of apheresis platelet donors from relatives and friends of hospital patients and explore the viability of this recruitment mode as the mutual donation was canceled. 【Methods】 The data of 1 025 successfully recruited apheresis platelet donors were selected, and the demographic characteristics in terms of blood donation times, age, gender and qualified blood donation were analyzed by SPSS.20 software. 【Results】 In the recruitment from relatives and friends of hospital patients, the donation rate of male donors(75.29%, 588/781) was higher than that of female donors(68.44%, 167/244), and higher in repeated donors (82.21%, 268/326)than that in first time donors (69.67%, 487/699), and it didn′t differ by age. The top three causes of donor deferral were WBC (4.17%, 43/1 025), ALT(3.84%, 39/1 025) and lipemic blood (3.04%, 31/1 025). The re-donation rate reached 7.8%(59/755). 【Conclusion】 Recruiting apheresis platelet donors from the relatives and friends of hospital patients, as a supplement to voluntary blood donation recruitment, is suitable for the recruitment of first time platelet donors.

Mães e lutas por justiça. Encontros entre produção de conhecimento, ativismos e democracia / Mothers and struggles for justice. A meeting point between knowledge production, activism and democracy / Madres y luchas por la justicia. Encuentros entre producción de conocimiento, activismo y democracia

Resumo O artigo discute algumas das relações entre mães e processos de Estado, tendo em vista sobretudo os movimentos de mães e familiares de vítimas de violência institucional, as análises inaugurais a esse respeito nas ciências sociais brasileiras, as implicações dessas mães e familiares nas políticas de produção de conhecimento e na crise democrática que atravessamos. Na primeira parte do artigo, retomamos pesquisas fundamentais que constituíram o campo de estudos que pensa desde a perspectiva do envolvimento de mães em movimentos de reivindicação por direitos e justiça. A segunda parte do artigo propõe-se à apresentação de alguns dos desdobramentos, em nossas próprias pesquisas, desse envolvimento e da produção de um conhecimento compartilhado entre pesquisadoras e o que se denomina usualmente como "interlocutoras". A última parte do artigo discute a posicionalidade dos movimentos de mães e familiares de vítimas de violência junto ao que se tem chamado de "crise democrática brasileira". Com isso, buscamos oferecer uma contribuição para o campo de pesquisas que se voltam, já há algum tempo, à produção recíproca entre gênero e Estado.

Abstract The article discusses some of the relationships between mothers and State processes, especially in view of the movements of mothers and family members of victims of institutional violence, the inaugural analyzes in this regard in Brazilian social sciences, the implications of these mothers and family members in knowledge production, and the democratic crisis that we are going through. In the first section of the article, we return to fundamental research that has constituted the field of studies which think since the involvement of mothers in movements for rights and justice. The second section of the article presents someof the developments, in our own research, of this involvement and the shared knowledge production between researchers and what is usually called as "interlocutors". The last section of the article discusses the positionality of the movements of mothers and family members of victims of violence in what has been called the "Brazilian democratic crisis". Thereby, we seek to offer a contribution to the field of research that has been, for some time now, focused on the reciprocal production between gender and the State.

Resumen El artículo discute algunas de las relaciones entre las madres y los procesos del Estado, especialmente en vista de los movimientos de madres y familiares de víctimas de violencia institucional, los análisis inaugurales al respecto en las ciencias sociales brasileñas, las implicaciones de estas madres y familiares en las políticas de producción de conocimiento y la crisis democrática que atravesamos. En la primera parte del artículo, volvemos a las investigaciones fundamentales que constituyen el campo de estudios que piensa desde la implicación de las madres en movimientos de reivindicación de derechos y justicia. La segunda parte del artículo propone presentar algunos de los desarrollos, en nuestra propia investigación, de esta implicación y producción de conocimiento compartido entre investigadores y lo que habitualmente se denomina "interlocutores". La última parte del artículo analiza la posicionalidad de los movimientos de madres y familiares de víctimas de la violencia en lo que se ha denominado la "crisis democrática brasileña". Con ello, buscamos ofrecer un aporte al campo de las investigaciones que desde hace un tiempo están enfocadas en la producción recíproca entre género y Estado.

An Overview of Recent Trend of Crime in the Nature of ‘Cruelty by Husband or his Relatives’ in our Country

Crime against women is a gross violence of their human rights and hampers their overall welfare, but unfortunately crime iscommitted against women throughout the centuries without any social, cultural and national barrier. Women of our countryare also not free from this tradition. They are also the poor victims of several form of crimes throughout the centuries. It is ashameful fact that women are victimised not only outside their home but also in their own home and by their near and dearones. Physical, sexual and psychological violence strikes women in every part of our country. It has crossed the boundary ofevery society, economy, religion, race and culture. The statistics published by ‘National Crime Records Bureau’, an IndianGovernment agency and part of the Ministry of Home Affairs, indicates the share of crime against women under the head‘Cruelty by Husband or his relatives’ u/s 498A IPC is the maximum among all crimes against women in recent past in ourcountry. An attempt has been made through this paper to view the recent trend of this crime in different States and UnionTerritories and actions taken by police administration and judicial system to give justice to the victims of this crime.

Assessment of plasma blood sugar level in first degree relatives of known type 2 diabetes patients: a descriptive study from Maharashtra, India

Background: There is steady increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus from 0.73% to current 2.4% in rural and 4.0% to 11.6% in urban areas. Familial clustering of diabetes may support a genetic predisposition to diabetes. With increase in the prevalence of diabetes there is increase in number of first degree relative as well, thus an increased risk of developing diabetes, will also increase. To study the plasma glucose levels in First-degree relatives of family member of type 2 diabetic patients was the objective of the present study.Methods: It is a descriptive observational study with 1020 individuals serially coming to our outpatient Department for Pre-employment Medical Health Check Up Annual Health Check Up were selected. These individuals have been enrolled for the study and their family history of diabetes was noted, their sugar levels and their lipid levels were estimated and their body mass index was calculated. The data thus collected and analyzed with excel.Results: 184 (18%) individuals were FDRs, were as 836 (82%) individuals were Non-FDRs. There were 754 (74%) males [131(17%) FDR and 623(83%) Non-FDR], were as 213 (26%) females [53(20%) FDR and 213(80%) Non-FDR], 61(6%) individuals were having Diabetic Mother, 91(9%) individuals had Diabetic Father and 32(3%) were those in whom both the Parents were Diabetic. It was found that maternal history has strong association for getting abnormal BSL levels as compared to a diabetic father as the RR of 9.82 (95% 4.84 to 19.95) in individuals with mother being diabetic, and RR of 1.54(95% 0.68 to 3.87) of father being diabetic.Conclusions: Family history of diabetes, maternal history of diabetes and history of both the parents having diabetes are risk factors for diabetes in FDRs

Transtornos psiquiátricos menores em familiares cuidadores de usuários de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial: prevalência e fatores associados / Minor psychiatric disorders among family caregivers of users of Psychosocial Care Centers: prevalence and associated factors

Resumo Este estudo buscou identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à manifestação de Transtornos Psiquiátricos Menores entre 537 cuidadores familiares de pessoas em sofrimento psíquico atendidas em 16 Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) localizados na 21ª região de saúde do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para análise, munindo-se de um modelo teórico hierarquizado, utilizou-se regressão de Poisson com o cálculo das razões de prevalência ajustadas. A prevalência de Transtornos Psiquiátricos Menores encontrada na população estudada foi de 42,1% (N = 226 IC: 38% - 46,3%). Os fatores associados a esses transtornos foram: sexo feminino (RP: 1,54); vínculo próximo com o usuário, em especial pais/mães (RP: 2,00); baixa escolaridade, apresentando uma razão de prevalência de RP: 1,85 no estrato mais baixo; possuir problemas de saúde (RP: 1,24); referir problemas de nervos (RP: 3,02); baixo desempenho de avaliação da qualidade de vida nos âmbitos físico (RP:1,84) e de meio ambiente (RP:1,95); insatisfação com as relações familiares (RP: 1,56); falta de apoio familiar (RP: 1,25) e sentimento de sobrecarga, para qual foi encontrado uma razão de prevalência de RP: 2,61 entre os indivíduos com maior nível de sobrecarga.

Abstract This study aimed to identify the prevalence of the manifestation of Minor Psychiatric Disorders and its associated factors among 537 family caregivers of people living with psychological distress attended at 16 Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) located in the 21st health region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Considering a hierarchical theoretical model, the analysis adopted a Poisson regression to calculate the adjusted prevalence ratios. The prevalence of Minor Psychiatric Disorders found in the studied population was 42.1% (N = 226 CI: 38%-46,3%). Factors associated with these disorders were being female (PR: 1.54), having a close relationship with the user, especially fathers/mothers (PR: 2.00), low schooling, within a prevalence ratio of PR: 1.85 in the lowest stratum, presence of health problems (PR: 1.24); reporting neurological problems (PR: 3.02), low performance in the evaluation of the quality of life in the physical (PR: 1.84) and environmental (PR: 1.95) aspects, dissatisfaction with family relationships (PR: 1.56), lack of family support (PR: 1.25) and feeling of burden, with a prevalence ratio of PR: 2.61 among individuals with higher level of burden.

Characteristics of cognition about colorectal cancer and influencing factors in first degree relatives of hereditary colorectal cancer patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To describe the status of cognition about colorectal cancer and the screening and its relevant factors among first degree relatives of hereditary colorectal cancer patients in Guangzhou.@*Methods@#Totally 274 subjects were investigated by a self-designed demographic questionnaire and the Chinese version of Cognitive Questionnaire for Colorectal Cancer and were analyzed by chisquare test, rank sum test and logistic regressive.@*Results@#60.2% (165/274) cases had a high level of cognition about colorectal cancer, 23.7% (65/274) had middle level of cognition about colorectal cancer and 16.0% (44/274) had a low level of cognition about colorectal cancer. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, sex, degree of education, marital status, family income, medical insurance and the number of cancer patients in his family were related factors (P<0.05). People who were young, female, highly educated, high family income, single, public/urban health insurance, commercial insurance and with more than 4 relatives suffering from colorectal cancer have higher cognitive level.@*Conclusions@#The level of cognition about colorectal cancer among first degree relatives of hereditary colorectal cancer patients was a little high. Medical staff should pay attention to relevant factors of health belief in subjects and develop targeted intervention to improve the level of cognition among these subjects and to promote their screening behavior.